Which of the following assay(s) is/are not included in the first laboratory investigation to eliminate disorders of phosphocalcic metabolism?
PTH
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Alkaline phosphatase
Serum ion
b and d
Which of the following statements is correct?
Osteomalacia may be suspected when both serum calcium level and total alkaline phosphatase levels are decreased
Primary hyperparathyroidism may be suspected when serum calcium is increased whereas serum phosphate is decreased
Serum iron may be increased in cases of malabsorption (in absence of bleeding)
Plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D are used to confirm vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin B6 measurement in cases of suspected hyperphosphatasia
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) is a bone marker secreted by the osteoblast during bone formation
N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) is measured in urine
Bone turnover markers are not influenced by pre-analytical conditions
Intra-individual (day-to-day) variation is greater for serum bone turnover markers than for urinary bone turnover markers
Bone turnover markers are included in fracture risk assessment
What is the primary role of laboratory testing in osteoporosis?
Diagnose osteoporosis
Estimate bone strength
Identify secondary causes contributing to bone loss
Predict long-term fracture risk
Estimate muscle strength
Which of the following is a bone resorption marker used in clinical practice?
PΙNP
β-CTX
BALP
Osteocalcin
PICP
A 55-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with an unexplained vertebral fracture. Her laboratory results show elevated serum calcium, low serum phosphorus, and increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. What is the most likely underlying cause of her bone health issue?
Osteomalacia due to vitamin D deficiency
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Chronic kidney disease-related bone mineral disorder (CKD-MBD)
Multiple myeloma
Paget’s disease of bone