Which of the following statements is correct?
Bisphosphonates increase BMD at the forearm
Zoledronic acid has been shown to reduce the risk of atypical femoral fracture
Markers of bone resorption and formation decline rapidly after the start of bisphosphonate therapy
The effects on bone resorption disappear when treatment is stopped
Pregnancy and breast-feeding are not contraindications to the prescription of zoledronic acid
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
Long term administration of bisphosphonate is not associated with further BMD gains
The overall safety profile of bisphosphonate is favourable
Buffered effervescent bisphosphonate does exist for upper gastrointestinal safety
Symptomatic hypocalcaemia is rare in patients treated with a bisphosphonate
Bisphosphonates are preferentially incorporated into sites of active bone remodelling
Bisphosphonate failure can be considered when a patient treated for more than 12 months with good compliance has at least 2 clinically significant fractures or a significant reduction in BMD
An acute phase reaction is rarely observed with iv injection of bisphosphonates
Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with bisphosphonate treatment is frequent when bisphosphonates are administered to osteoporotic patients
In patients previously treated with a bisphosphonate, romosozumab leads to a gain in hip BMD similar to that observed with teriparatide
Stomach irritation is not a common side effect of bisphosphonates
What is the primary mechanism of action of bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis?
Stimulating osteoblast activity to increase bone formation
Binding to bone mineral and inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption
Increasing calcium absorption in the intestines
Enhancing vitamin D production to improve bone density
Increasing parathyroid hormone secretion to regulate bone metabolism
Which bisphosphonate is administered by intravenous (IV) infusion rather than as an oral tablet?
Alendronate
Risedronate
Ibandronate
Zoledronic acid
Clodronate
What is one of the main potential side effects of long-term use of bisphosphonates?
Increased risk of hypertension
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Significant weight gain
Increase in bone turnover markers
Decrease in blood calcium levels